Treatment options depend on the stage (or extent) of the cancer (stages range from I to IV), Gleason score, PSA level, and your age and general health. These items will be available from your doctor and are listed on your pathology report.
Active treatment usually begins a few weeks to months after diagnosis. During this time, you should meet with various doctors to learn about your treatment choices.
Reaching a decision about treatment of prostate cancer is a complex process. Many men find it helpful to talk to their doctors, family, friends, and other men who have faced similar decisions. There are many organizations that can provide more information and support for you, your partner, and family. Learn more about the resources available to you.
NCCN Guidelines
A positive biopsy means prostate cancer is present. A pathologist checks your biopsy sample for cancer cells and grades them using the Gleason system. The Gleason score ranges from 2 to 10 and describes how likely it is that a tumor will spread. The lower the number, the less likely it is that a tumor will spread.
If you have early-stage prostate cancer, or cancer that has not yet spread to your lymph nodes or other organs of the body, you will be able to choose which kind of treatment is right for you. There can be several reasonable options, which can make the decision difficult. And each choice has its pros and cons.
If Cancer is Not Found
If the physical exam and test results do not suggest cancer, your doctor may recommend medicine or surgery to reduce symptoms caused by an enlarged prostate. The surgery most often used in such cases is transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). In TURP, an instrument is inserted through the urethra to remove prostate tissue that is pressing against the upper part of the urethra and restricting the flow of urine. You should talk to your doctor about the best treatment option.
Things to Remember
- There are treatment options – be sure to know them all.
- Treatments and medical procedures have improved over the past 10 years.
- You must make the decision that is right for you—not your doctor.
- Seek the opinions of several different doctors since some may only recommend the option they know most about.
- Take the time you need to research your options before making your decision. There's usually no need to rush.
- Your spouse or partner has an important role in your decision and will be affected by your choice. Try to be open and honest with each other about your concerns.
- Organizations and support groups can help you learn more about what others in your situation are doing for their prostate cancer.
- It is possible to live a full life after prostate cancer.
